Crafting Spaces with Precision: The Science Behind Ceramic Tiles

Ceramic tiles are a versatile and popular choice in residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. However, selecting the right type requires a good understanding of their classification. Both the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Standard (EN) classify ceramic tiles into distinct groups, primarily based on two factors

• Method of Manufacture

  Method of Manufacture refers to the process by which ceramic tiles are produced, which can be either dry-pressed, extruded, or cast. This classification impacts the tile's density, durability, and surface finish, with dry-pressed tiles being more common due to their uniformity and strength, while extruded tiles allow for more intricate shapes and designs.

• Water Absorption Rate

  Water absorption rate refers to the percentage of water that a ceramic or porcelain tile can absorb through its surface when it is exposed to moisture. This property plays a crucial role in determining the tile’s durability, strength, and suitability for specific environments, such as outdoor spaces, wet areas, or high-traffic zones.
  The water absorption rate is a key factor when choosing tiles for different environments. Porcelain tiles with low water absorption offer superior durability for outdoor and wet areas, while tiles with higher absorption rates are more suitable for indoor decorative walls

This classification provides guidance on the technical characteristics of the tiles but does not dictate their specific use. Let's dive deeper into these standards to understand the Table of tiles classifications.

Expalination Table of Tiles classifications are bellow.

Tile Manufacturing Methods

The manufacturing process plays a crucial role in determining the texture, strength, and durability of tiles. Ceramic tiles are typically divided into two major categories:

1. Extruded Tiles (A)
   • These tiles are made using a wet clay extrusion process.
   • They often have irregular shapes and are used where non-standard designs are preferred.
   • Example: Rustic wall tiles or decorative tiles.
2. Pressed Tiles (B)
   • Manufactured by pressing powdered materials in a mold under high pressure.
   • They offer more uniformity in shape and size compared to extruded tiles
   • Example: Porcelain tiles, floor tiles.
3. Other Methods (C)
   • This includes tiles produced using non-traditional methods, like handmade or specialized techniques.

Water Absorption Classification

The water absorption rate significantly impacts a tile's suitability for various environments, especially those prone to moisture. ISO and EN standards classify tiles into several groups based on their water absorption percentage

1. Group I – Low Water Absorption (Porcelain Tiles)
   • Water absorption ≤ 0.5%
   • Highly durable and frost-resistant, suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.
   • Example: Porcelain tiles for flooring and outdoor spaces.
2. Group II – Medium Water Absorption
   • Subgroup IIa: Water absorption between 3% to 6%
   • Subgroup IIb: Water absorption between 6% to 10%
   • Recommended for indoor floors and walls, such as bathrooms or kitchens.
3. Group III – High Water Absorption
   • Water absorption > 10%
   • Primarily used for indoor wall applications, not suitable for high-moisture areas or outdoor settings.
   • Example: Wall tiles for kitchens or decorative tiles