Technical specification of Tiles

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

Dimension & Surface Quality outlines the permissible variations in the dimensions and surface quality of ceramic floor tiles. It sets the maximum allowable deviations in length, width, and thickness to ensure uniformity and ease of installation. The deviation in length and width is divided into two parts: one that compares the tile's size to the work size (maximum deviation of ±0.6%) and another that compares the tile's size to the average size of test specimens (maximum deviation of ±0.5%). The maximum deviation in thickness is ±5%, ensuring tiles are consistent in their thickness. Straightness of sides and rectangularity are limited to a maximum deviation of ±0.5% and ±0.6%, respectively. Additionally, the surface flatness is measured by center and edge curvature as well as corner warpage, each limited to ±0.5% to ensure a smooth, even surface.

B. Physical Properties

Physical Properties describes the physical characteristics of the tiles, focusing on water absorption, hardness, and strength. The water absorption of ceramic floor tiles must range between 3% and 6%, with an individual maximum of 6.5%, making them suitable for indoor flooring where water resistance is essential. Scratch hardness, measured on the Mohs scale, is not required for ceramic floor tiles. Abrasion resistance is tested using the PEI method, which ensures the tiles can withstand foot traffic. Crazing resistance is mandatory, ensuring the tiles won't develop fine cracks over time. The modulus of rupture, which measures the tiles' strength, should have an average value of 22 N/mm², with a minimum individual value of 20 N/mm², indicating they can handle considerable pressure before breaking.

C. Chemical / Thermal Properties

Chemical / Thermal Properties evaluates the tiles' resistance to chemicals, staining, and thermal shock. The tiles should be chemically resistant, especially if this requirement is agreed upon with the manufacturer. They must also have at least Class AA resistance to household chemicals, meaning they can withstand exposure to common cleaning agents without degradation. The minimum required resistance to staining is Class 1, ensuring tiles remain clean and unstained in regular use. Thermal shock resistance is required if specified, ensuring that the tiles can endure sudden temperature changes without cracking, which is essential for tiles used in environments with fluctuating temperatures.

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

Dimension & Surface Quality outlines the allowable dimensional variations for parking tiles, ensuring consistency and accuracy in their production. The tiles' length can deviate by a maximum of ±0.6%, and their thickness by ±5.0%. Straightness of sides and rectangularity are restricted to a deviation of ±0.5% and ±0.6%, respectively, which helps maintain uniformity during installation. These tolerances are critical for proper alignment and fit, ensuring that the tiles provide a smooth and stable surface suitable for high-traffic areas like parking lots.

B. Physical Properties

The physical properties of parking tiles are crucial to their performance in outdoor environments. Water absorption must be below 0.5%, ensuring the tiles are highly resistant to moisture and suitable for wet or rainy conditions. The tiles also need to exhibit a Mohs hardness rating of greater than 6, indicating that they are highly resistant to scratching. Flexural strength must exceed 35 N/mm², which means the tiles can withstand bending forces, while abrasion resistance should be less than 175mm³, ensuring they can endure constant wear from vehicles and foot traffic. Breaking strength must reach 1113N, ensuring the tiles are durable under heavy loads. The density of the tiles must be greater than 2 g/cm³, reflecting their solid construction and capacity to endure stress.

C. Chemical / Thermal Properties

Parking tiles must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions, including chemical exposure and temperature fluctuations. The tiles are frost-resistant, making them suitable for colder climates. They must also resist damage from chemicals and thermal shock, ensuring longevity even when exposed to extreme conditions. Color resistance ensures that the tiles maintain their appearance over time, despite exposure to sunlight or heat. Thermal expansion is limited to less than 9 x 10⁻⁶, meaning the tiles will not expand significantly with temperature changes, maintaining structural integrity. They must also resist stains and moisture expansion, ensuring that they remain clean and stable in various weather conditions.

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

The dimensional accuracy and surface quality of double charge porcelain tiles are essential for ensuring uniformity and consistency during installation. The maximum allowable deviations for length and thickness are ±0.6% and ±0.5%, respectively. Straightness of sides and rectangularity deviations are capped at ±0.5% and ±0.6%. Surface flatness must stay within a tolerance of ±0.5%, ensuring the tiles lay flat and smooth. Glossiness, measured using a gloss meter, ensures the surface finish meets aesthetic and reflective requirements.

B. Structural Properties

Double charge porcelain tiles must have specific structural properties to ensure durability and long-term performance. Water absorption is restricted to below 0.5%, making these tiles nearly impermeable and suitable for wet environments. A density greater than 2 g/cc indicates the tiles' solid and compact structure, enhancing their strength and durability.

C. Massive Mechanical Properties

The mechanical strength of double charge porcelain tiles is crucial for withstanding heavy loads and pressures. Flexural strength must exceed 27 N/mm², and breaking strength should reach at least 1113 N. These properties ensure that the tiles are resistant to cracking and breaking, making them ideal for both residential and commercial applications that involve heavy traffic or weight.

D. Surface Mechanical Properties

The tiles are required to exhibit high surface resistance to various mechanical stresses. A Mohs hardness rating of more than 6 indicates strong resistance to scratching, while abrasion resistance must be greater than 175 mm³, ensuring longevity even under high wear conditions. The friction coefficient must be greater than 0.4, providing sufficient skid resistance, essential for preventing slips and ensuring safety in areas exposed to moisture or frequent foot traffic.

E. Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of double charge porcelain tiles make them highly resistant to external damage from harsh environmental conditions. These tiles are frost-proof, making them suitable for installation in cold climates. They are also resistant to chemicals and stains, with no damage occurring after exposure to common household chemicals, ensuring their aesthetic and structural integrity is maintained over time.

F. Thermal Properties

These tiles are engineered to resist damage from thermal changes. Thermal shock resistance ensures that the tiles can endure sudden changes in temperature without cracking. The thermal expansion coefficient is less than 9 x 10⁻⁶, minimizing the risk of expansion-related damage. Additionally, the tiles show no moisture expansion, ensuring their dimensional stability in humid or wet environments.

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

The dimensional accuracy and surface quality of full body porcelain tiles ensure uniformity and easy installation. The deviation in length and width is limited to ±0.60%, and the thickness variation is capped at ±5.00%. Straightness of sides, rectangularity, and surface flatness have strict tolerances of ±0.50% and ±0.60% to maintain geometric precision. The glossiness is measured according to the surface finish using a gloss meter to meet aesthetic requirements.

B. Structural Properties

Full body porcelain tiles are designed to have strong structural properties. Water absorption is kept to ≤0.50%, ensuring they are highly resistant to moisture and suitable for use in wet areas. With a density greater than 2 g/cc, these tiles are compact and robust, contributing to their long-lasting performance in high-traffic environments.

C. Massive Mechanical Properties

The mechanical strength of full body porcelain tiles ensures that they can withstand significant loads and pressures without cracking. Flexural strength exceeds 35 N/mm², and the breaking strength is rated at 1300 N, demonstrating their ability to resist heavy impacts and maintain structural integrity in demanding conditions.

D. Surface Mechanical Properties

These tiles offer strong resistance to surface wear and tear. With a Mohs hardness rating greater than 6, they are highly resistant to scratching. Their abrasion resistance is measured at <210 mm³, ensuring durability in high-traffic areas. A skid resistance coefficient of >0.40 ensures sufficient friction to prevent slips, making them safe for use in various environments.

E. Chemical Properties

Full body porcelain tiles exhibit excellent chemical properties, being frost-proof and resistant to damage from chemical exposure. Frost resistance makes them suitable for outdoor installations in cold climates. They also resist staining and chemical damage, maintaining their appearance and functionality over time.

F. Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of these tiles ensure they can withstand temperature fluctuations without damage. Thermal shock resistance ensures no cracking occurs when exposed to sudden temperature changes. The thermal expansion is kept under 9 x 10⁻⁶, and the tiles have zero moisture expansion, providing stability and reliability in varying environmental conditions. These properties make full body porcelain tiles highly durable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

The dimensional and surface quality standards for GVT (Glazed Vitrified Tiles) porcelain ensure high precision and aesthetic value. Deviations in length and width are controlled within ±0.5%, while thickness variations are limited to ±5.0%. Straightness, rectangularity, and surface flatness are all kept within ±0.5%, ensuring accurate tile alignment during installation. Glossiness is measured using a gloss meter depending on the surface finish, and color differences must remain unaltered to maintain uniformity in appearance.

B. Structural Properties

GVT porcelain tiles exhibit robust structural qualities. Water absorption is less than 0.50%, making these tiles ideal for areas exposed to moisture. With a density of greater than 2.0 g/cc, they are compact and sturdy, ensuring long-lasting performance in high-traffic and high-moisture environments.

C. Massive Mechanical Properties

These tiles possess impressive mechanical strength, with a modulus of rupture (flexural strength) of at least 35 N/mm², indicating high resistance to bending and stress. Breaking strength is rated at a minimum of 1300 N, which ensures that the tiles can withstand significant pressure without breaking. Impact resistance is determined by the manufacturer, further confirming the durability of the tiles in challenging conditions.

D. Surface Mechanical Properties

Surface abrasion resistance, Mohs hardness, and skid resistance are tested based on the manufacturer’s specifications, ensuring that GVT porcelain tiles maintain their surface integrity and resistance to wear and tear over time. These properties are particularly important for tiles used in high-traffic areas and for surfaces exposed to frequent friction.

E. Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of GVT porcelain tiles make them highly durable and suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. They are frost-proof, making them ideal for colder climates. They also resist chemical damage, showing no signs of wear when exposed to aggressive chemicals. Their stain resistance ensures that the surface remains clean and maintains its aesthetic appeal for longer periods.

F. Thermal Properties

GVT porcelain tiles are highly resistant to thermal shock, meaning they won’t crack or damage due to rapid temperature changes. The thermal expansion coefficient is maintained below 9 x 10⁻⁶, and moisture expansion is nil, ensuring that the tiles retain their shape and integrity even in fluctuating temperatures or high-humidity environments. These thermal properties make them suitable for both indoor and outdoor installations.

Table Explaination

A. Dimension & Surface Quality

The dimensional and surface quality of Soluble Salt Porcelain tiles ensure precision and visual appeal. Deviations in length and width are limited to ±0.6%, while thickness variation is controlled within ±0.5%. The straightness of sides and rectangularity is kept within ±0.5% and ±0.6% respectively, ensuring smooth installation. Surface flatness deviation is restricted to ±0.5%. The glossiness of the tile surface is measured using a glossometer.

B. Structural Properties

These tiles have excellent structural properties, making them suitable for both residential and commercial applications. The water absorption is less than 0.50%, which ensures durability in moist conditions. The density is greater than 2.0 g/cc, indicating a solid and compact structure, which enhances the longevity and overall performance of the tiles.

C. Massive Mechanical Properties

Soluble Salt Porcelain tiles exhibit significant mechanical strength. Their flexural strength is greater than 27 N/mm², which indicates their ability to withstand bending without breaking. The breaking strength is measured at 1113 N, making them resilient to heavy loads and pressure.

D. Surface Mechanical Properties

Surface properties are critical for areas exposed to high traffic and wear. The tiles have a Mohs hardness of greater than 6, providing strong resistance to scratches and surface damage. They exhibit abrasion resistance greater than 175 mm³, meaning they retain their surface quality for a longer duration. The skid resistance (friction coefficient) is above 0.4, ensuring a safer surface to walk on, particularly in wet conditions.

E. Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of Soluble Salt Porcelain tiles ensure their durability in different environments. They are frost-proof, making them ideal for cold climates. They also exhibit high resistance to chemicals, showing no damage when exposed to aggressive substances. Their resistance to staining ensures that the tiles maintain their aesthetic appeal over time, even in areas prone to spills and dirt.

F. Thermal Properties

These tiles offer excellent thermal properties, making them suitable for diverse climates. They are resistant to thermal shock, meaning they won't crack or be damaged by sudden temperature changes. The thermal expansion coefficient is less than 9 x 10⁻⁶, and they exhibit no moisture expansion, ensuring dimensional stability even in fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions.

Table Explaination

Crazing Test: This test assesses the durability of the surface glaze under stress. Sanitary ware should show no crazing after undergoing two cycles of pressure treatment—each lasting up to five hours, and a total of ten hours at pressures between 0.34 to 0.37 MPa.

Water Absorption: This specification indicates the maximum allowable water absorption of the material. The average value must not exceed 0.5%, ensuring that the product remains resistant to moisture and maintains its structural integrity.

Modulus of Rupture: This property measures the strength of the sanitary ware. The modulus of rupture should be no less than 60 MPa, indicating that the material can withstand significant stress without breaking.

Chemical Resistance: Sanitary wares must exhibit adequate resistance to chemicals. This requirement ensures that the glaze's durability is comparable to a control sample, confirming its ability to withstand exposure to various substances without deterioration.

Resistance to Staining & Burning: This characteristic evaluates the surface's ability to resist stains and heat. There should be no staining on any test piece after exposure to specified conditions, indicating the product's durability and ease of cleaning.

Wavy Finish: The finish of the sanitary ware should be smooth, with no waviness on any visible surfaces. This criterion ensures aesthetic appeal and practical usability.

Discoloration: The sanitary ware should not show any discoloration on visible surfaces. This requirement guarantees that the product retains its intended appearance over time, enhancing customer satisfaction and product longevity.

Table Explaination

The technical specifications for quartz stone encompass various critical characteristics that ensure its quality, durability, and suitability for various applications. The apparent density ranges from 2.2 to 2.45 kg/dm³, indicating its robust physical structure. Additionally, water absorption is minimal, measured at less than 0.04%, ensuring the stone remains impervious to moisture. The flexural strength ranges between 50 to 60 MPa, reflecting its ability to withstand bending forces, while the compressive strength reaches between 170 to 220 MPa, emphasizing its strength under vertical loads.

Other significant tests include abrasion resistance, with a groove length of 21.1 mm, and frost resistance, which complies with industry standards. Quartz stone also demonstrates excellent stain, wear, and chemical resistance, with results indicating no adverse effects. Moreover, it passes various thermal resistance tests, including boiling water resistance and high-temperature resistance. Overall, these specifications confirm that quartz stone is a versatile, durable material suitable for both aesthetic and functional applications in construction and design.